Let's talk about Bergmann's rule.
It states: within closely related organisms, as latitude increases (closer to the poles), average height and volume of an organism increases.
For example, the size of penguins increases as a continuous function of latitude.
(🧑🎨: Karel Frydrýšek)
Hold on though. Galapagos Penguins (0.95° S) are about six inches taller than Little Penguins which live as far south as Stewart Island in New Zealand (47° S).