'Cellulose nitrate was used to make dice from the late 1860s until the mid twentieth century, and remains stable for decades. Nitric acid is released in a process called outgassing. The dice cleave, crumble, and then implode.'
Deception, Fate & Rotten Luck by Ricky Jay and Rosamond Purcell
Can confirm. I have a 1918 Gibson L1 guitar that had a cellulose tailpiece that imploded.
Cellulose nitrate is the stuff they make the brown marbled guitar picks out of, too.